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Here you will find AP US History notes for the American Pageant, 13th edition textbook. These American Pageant notes will you study more effectively for your AP US History tests and exams. Additional Information: Hardcover.
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Pearson Prentice Hall and our other respected imprints provide educational materials, technologies, assessments and related services across the secondary curriculum. Dept: Course: Section: CRN: Professor: ISBN: Title: Author: Edition: REQ: ACC: 124: 55043: 55043: Akeo: 9781119141204: FINANCIAL & MANAGERIAL ACTG LL W/CODE PK: WEYGANDT: 2ND 16: RQ: ACC: 124: 55043: 55043: Akeo: Internal ISBN. This categories contains AP US History notes for the American Pageant, 12th Edition textbook. Additional Information: Hardcover: 1134 pages; Publisher: Houghton Mifflin Company; 12 edition (November 30, 2001) Language: English.
The American Pageant, 1. Edition Textbook Notes. I. The Republican “Old Guard” Returns.
Newly elected President Warren G. Harding was tall, handsome, andpopular, but he had a mediocre mind and he did not like to hurtpeople’s feelings. Nor could he detect the corruption within his adminstration. His cabinet did have some good officials, though, such as Secretaryof State Charles Evans Hughes, who was masterful, imperious, incisive,and brilliant, Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover, and Secretary ofthe Treasury Andrew W. Mellon. However, people like Senator Albert B.
Fall of New Mexico, ascheming anti- conservationist, became secretary of the interior, and. Harry M. Daugherty took over the reigns as attorney general.
These two became the worst of the scandalous cabinet members. II. GOP Reaction at the Throttle. A good man but a weak one, Harding was the perfect front forold- fashioned politicians to set up for the nation a Mc. Kinley- style oldorder. It hoped to further laissez- faire capitalism, and one of theexamples of this was the Supreme Court, where Harding appointed four ofthe nine justices, including William H. Taft, former president of the. United States. In the early 1.
Supreme Court killed a federal child- labor law. In the case of Adkins v. Children’s Hospital, the courtreversed its ruling in the Muller v. Oregon case by invalidating aminimum wage law for women. Under Harding, corporations could expand again, and anti- trust laws were not as enforced or downright ignored.
Men sympathetic to railroads headed the Interstate Commerce Commission. III. The Aftermath of the War.
Wartime government controls disappeared (i. War Industries Board) and Washington returned control of railroadsto private hands by the Esch- Cummins Transportation Act of 1. The Merchant Marine Act of 1. Shipping Board,which controlled about 1,5. Labor lost much of its power, as a strike was ruthlessly broken in. Railway Labor Board ordered a wage cut of 1.
Labor membership shrank by 3. In 1. 92. 1, the Veterans’ Bureau was created to operate hospitals and provide vocational rehabilitation for the disabled. Many veterans wanted the monetary compensation promised to them for their services in the war.
The Adjusted Compensation Act gave every former soldier a paid- upinsurance policy due in twenty years. It was passed by Congress twice(the second time to override president Calvin Coolidge’s veto). IV. America Seeks Benefits Without Burdens. Since America had never ratified the Treaty of Versailles, it wasstill technically at war with Germany, so in July of 1. The U. S. did not cooperate much with the League of Nations, buteventually, “unofficial observers” did participate inconferences. The lack of real participation though from the U.
S. provedto doom the League. In the Middle East, Secretary Hughes secured for American oilcompanies the right to share in the exploitation of the oil richesthere. Disarmament was another problem for Harding and he had to watch theactions of Japan and Britain for any possible hostile activities. America also went on a “ship- scrapping” bonanza. The Washington “Disarmament” Conference of 1.
U. S., Britain, and Japan (in that order). This surprised manydelegates at the conference (notably, the Soviet Union, which was notrecognized by the U. S., was not invited and did not attend). The Five- Power Naval Treaty of 1. Hughes’s ideas on ship ratios, but only after Japanese received compensation.
A Four- Power Treaty, which bound Britain, Japan, France, and the. U. S. to preserve the status quo in the Pacific, replaced the.
Anglo- Japanese Alliance. The Nine- Power Treaty of 1. China. However, despite all this apparent action, there were no limitsplaced on small ships, and Congress only approved the Four- Power Treatyon the condition that the U. S. was not bound, thus effectivelyrendering that treaty useless.
Frank B. Kellogg, Calvin Coolidge’s Secretary of State, wonthe Nobel Peace Prize for his role in the Kellog- Briand Pact (Pact of. Paris), which said that all nations that signed would no longer use waras offensive means. V. Hiking the Tariff Higher. Businessmen did not want Europe flooding American markets withcheap goods after the war, so Congress passed the Fordney- Mc. Cumber. Tariff Law, which raised the tariff from 2. Presidents Harding and Coolidge, granted with authority to reduceor increase duties, and always sympathetic towards big industry, weremuch more prone to increasing tariffs than decreasing them.
However, this presented a problem: Europe needed to sell goods tothe U. S. in order to get the money to pay back its debts, and when itcould not sell, it could not repay. VI. The Stench of Scandal. However, scandal rocked the Harding administration in 1. Charles R. Forbes was caught with his hand in the money bag andresigned as the head of the Veterans’ Bureau.
He and his accomplices looted the government for over $2. The Teapot Dome Scandal was the most shocking of all.
Albert B. Fall leased land in Teapot Dome, Wyoming, and Elk Hills,California, to oilmen Harry F. Sinclair and Edward L. Doheny, but notuntil Fall had received a “loan” (actually a bribe) of$1. Doheny and about three times that amount from Sinclair. There were reports as to the underhanded doings of Attorney General. Harry Daugherty, in which he was accused of the illegal sale of pardonsand liquor permits. President Harding, however, died in San Francisco on August 2,1.
VII. “Silent Cal” Coolidge. New president Calvin Coolidge was serious, calm, and never spoke more than he needed to. A very morally clean person, he was not touched by the Hardingscandals, and he proved to be a bright figure in the Republican Party.
It was ironic that in the Twenties, the “Age of. Ballyhoo” or the “Jazz Age,” the U. S. had a verytraditional, old- timey, and some would say boring president. VIII. Frustrated Farmers. World War I had given the farmers prosperity, as they’d produced much food for the soldiers. New technology in farming, such as the gasoline- engine tractor, had increased farm production dramatically. However, after the war, these products weren’t needed, and the farmers fell into poverty.
Farmers looked for relief, and the Capper- Volstead Act, whichexempted farmers’ marketing cooperatives from antitrustprosecution, and the Mc. Nary- Haugen Bill, which sought to keepagricultural prices high by authorizing the government to buy upsurpluses and sell them abroad, helped a little. However, Coolidge vetoed the second bill, twice. IX. A Three- Way Race for the White House in 1. Coolidge was chosen by the Republicans again in 1.
Democrats nominated John W. Davis after 1. 02 ballots in Madison Square. Garden. The Democrats also voted by one vote NOT to condemn the Ku Klux Klan. Senator Robert La Follette led the Progressive Party as the third party candidate.
He gained the endorsement of the American Federation of Labor andthe shrinking Socialist Party, and he actually received 5 million votes. However, Calvin Coolidge easily won the election. X. Foreign- Policy Flounderings. Isolationism continued to reign in the Coolidge era, as the Senatedid not allow America to adhere to the World Court, the judicial wingof the League of Nations. In the Caribbean and Latin America, U. S. troops were withdrawn fromthe Dominican Republic in 1.
Haiti from 1. 91. Coolidge took out troops from Nicaragua in 1. Mexicowhere the Mexicans were claiming sovereignty over oil resources. However, Latin Americans began to resent the American dominance of them. The European debt to America also proved tricky.
XI. Unraveling the Debt Knot. Because America demanded that Britain and France pay their debts,those two nations placed huge reparation payments on Germany, whichthen, to pay them, printed out loads of paper money that causedinflation to soar.
At one point in October of 1. German marks. Finally, in 1. Charles Dawes engineered the Dawes Plan, whichrescheduled German reparations payments and gave the way for further. American private loans to Germany.
Essentially, the payments were a huge circle from the U. S. to. Germany to Britain/France and back to the U. S. All told, the Americansnever really gained any money or got repaid in genuine. Also, the U. S. gained bitter enemies in France and Britain who wereangry over America’s apparent greed and careless nature forothers. XII. The Triumph of Herbert Hoover, 1. In 1. 92. 8, Calvin Coolidge said, “I do not choose torun,” and his logical successor immediately became economicsgenius Herbert Hoover. Hoover spoke of “Rugged.
Individualism” which was his view that America was made great bystrong, self- sufficient individuals, like the pioneers of old daystrekking across the prairies, relying on no one else for help. This wasthe kind of folk America still needed, he said. Hoover was opposed by New York governor Alfred E. Smith, a man whowas blanketed by scandal (he drank during a Prohibitionist era and washindered politically by being a Roman Catholic). Radio turned out to be an important factor in the campaign, and. Hoover’s personality sparkled on this new medium (compared to.
Smith, who sounded stupid and boyish). Hoover had never been elected to public office before, but he hadmade his way up from poverty to prosperity, and believed that otherpeople could do so as well. There was, once again, below- the- belt hitting on both sides, as thecampaign took an ugly turn, but Hoover triumphed in a landslide, with. Smith’s 8. 7. XIII. President Hoover’s First Moves.
Hoover’s Agricultural Marketing Act, passed in June of 1. Federal Farm Board to help the farmers. In 1. 93. 0, the Farm Board created the Grain Stabilization Corporationand the Cotton Stabilization Corporation to bolster sagging prices bybuying surpluses. The Hawley- Smoot Tariff of 1.
Foreigners hated this tariff that reversed a promising worldwidetrend toward reasonable tariffs and widened the yawning trade gaps. XIV. The Great Crash Ends the Golden Twenties. Hoover confidently predicted an end to poverty very soon, but on.
October 2. 9, 1. 92.